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| children = 9 | parents = Joseph Yule, Nellie W. (née Carter) | height = 5 ft. 2 in. | awards = Juvenile Academy Award, Academy Honorary Award, Emmy, 2 Golden Globes | website = }} Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule, Jr.; September 23, 1920 – April 6, 2014) was an American actor of film, television, Broadway, radio, and vaudeville. In a career spanning nearly nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, he appeared in more than 300 films and was one of the last surviving stars of the silent film era.〔("Mickey Rooney, an enduring star" ), bostonglobe.com, April 7, 2014〕 At the height of a career that was marked by precipitous declines and raging comebacks, Rooney played the role of Andy Hardy in a series of fifteen films in the 1930s and 1940s that epitomized American family values. A versatile performer, he could sing, dance, clown and play various musical instruments, becoming a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney "the greatest actor of them all." Clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, ''National Velvet'' and ''The Human Comedy'', said he was "the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with."〔("Iconic Actor Mickey Rooney Dies At 93" ), CBS News, April 7, 2014.〕 Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his film debut at age six. At thirteen he played the role of Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. His acclaimed film performance was hailed by critic David Thomson as "one of cinema's most arresting pieces of magic." In 1938, he co-starred with Spencer Tracy in the Academy Award-winning film, ''Boys Town''. At nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in ''Babes in Arms,'' and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made forty-three films and co-starred alongside Judy Garland, Wallace Beery, Spencer Tracy and Elizabeth Taylor. He was one of MGM's most consistently successful actors and a favorite of studio head Louis B. Mayer. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941,〔 and one of the best-paid actors of that era,〔 but his career never rose to such heights again. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served nearly two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be an adult movie star, and he was not able to obtain acting roles as significant as before. Nevertheless, Rooney was tenacious and he rebounded, his popularity renewed with well-received supporting roles in films such as ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'' (1962), ''It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World'' (1963), and ''The Black Stallion'' (1979), for which he was nominated for an Oscar. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in ''Sugar Babies'' and again became a celebrated star. Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs and talk shows. During his career, he received four Academy Award nominations and was nominated for five Emmy Awards, winning one. At his death, ''Vanity Fair'' called him "the original Hollywood train wreck." He struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some family members, and testified in Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse and exploitation by family members. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000,〔("Mickey Rooney's estate goes to stepson who served as caregiver" ), cbc.ca, April 9, 2014.〕 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://mickeyrooney.com )〕 ==Early life== Rooney was born Joseph Yule, Jr. on September 23, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York, the only child of vaudevillians Joe Yule (born Ninian Joseph Ewell; 1892–1950), a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and Nellie W. Carter (1897–1966), who was from Kansas City, Missouri. At the time of their son's birth, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of ''A Gaiety Girl''. Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents' routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo.〔''Life Is Too Short'' (1991 autobiography); ISBN 978-0-679-40195-7〕 According to another account, he first appeared before audiences at 15 months in his parents’ vaudeville act, "singing 'Pal o' My Cradle Days' while sporting a tuxedo and holding a rubber cigar." His mother was a former chorus girl and a burlesque performer.〔 While Joe Sr. was traveling, Joe Jr. and his mother moved from Brooklyn to Kansas City to live with his aunt. While his mother was reading the entertainment newspaper, Nellie was interested in getting Hal Roach to approach her son to participate in the ''Our Gang'' series in Hollywood. Roach offered $5 a day to Joe, Jr., while the other young stars were paid five times more. As he was getting bit parts in films, he began working with established film stars such as Joel McCrea, Colleen Moore, Clark Gable, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Jean Harlow. While selling newspapers around the corner, he enrolled in the Hollywood Professional School and later attended Hollywood High School, from which he graduated in 1938. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mickey Rooney」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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